Operations Management There are four styles of management needed within the medium-large scale corporations. Namely, operations management, promoting management, monetary management and human resources management. There are many development trends in stress or focus attention on one side of management. Within the 1960s-70s in Indonesia, a growing purpose of read is balanced proportions within the management of a corporation. Experienced a shift within the year 1970s-80s, the corporate tends to emphasise monetary management. An accountant and economist terribly promising at now. In 1980s-90s, experienced a shift in accentuation of management. Promoting triumphed. Thought-about that if the company’s promoting isn't sensible, then everything is often chaotic. Apparently promoting isn't stuck to dominate the management of the corporate. Within the era of the Nineties till the year 2000, promoting management even thought-about little core of a corporation. Alternative management thought-about a supporter. Until the time when 2000, the promoting continues to be thought-about important in most giant company’s globe. Though the corporate isn't simply alittle core. Operations management encompasses a larger portion than the monetary and human resources. There are ten things aspects of attention within the Operations Management by Jay Heizer. Style of products and services, Quality, method style and capability, the selection of location, the look layout, Human resources and work style, provide chain management, Inventory, Scheduling, and Maintenance. But it ought to be noted additionally that the stress or focus is meant to be general. Else if speak of the business involved. As a result of it'd be a distinct trend.
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Project Management There are basic phases to any project. Ø Phase 1: Investigation Ø Phase 2: Planning & Design The Investigation phase: Once a you have defined a project you must do further research in order to determine if is even worthwhile. This phase involves the commissioning of a project, the identification of the aim/goals, the possible ways a project could be completed. This phase provides a project brief to your team. The Planning & Design phase: this is a rather important phase to any project as it provides your foundation for the rest of the phases, in this phase you will determine that the objectives can & will be met on time + budget. This phase involves Ø Defining of the exact purpose of a project, clearly defining the objectives. Ø Breaking the project down into tasks, defining each tasks purpose. Ø Estimating the time for each task, longest and shortest time lines. Ø Identifying Key time markers of the project that will keep the project on schedule. Ø Which tasks can be completed before others can start? Ø Which tasks can be done at the same time? Ø Assigning of people, equipment, materials. Ø Cost estimating of resources. Ø Drawing a calendar of events. The Production phase: This is where the plan is put into operation and should provide a complete project that is ready to be handed over your client’s. This phase includes: Ø Providing of resources Ø Completing of agreed activities Ø Monitoring and recording a projects progress via Gantt chart Ø Comparison of current progress against that of the planned schedule, you should also be ready to update & refine the planned schedule as needed. Ø You need to monitor resources to make sure the project stays on budget. An operations manager role involves decision-making with long, mid and short-term consequences. These decisions will affect the initial design of the product or service, the assets + equipment that will be required, the skills employees will need, employee remuneration, and the company’s location of operations all of these decisions have to be made to support the strategic direction of the company. Capacity planning helps determine the level of resources including human that will be needed to meet the production targets of a company. Capacity is contingent on the company forecasting the future demands + supply chain availability. There are many ways a company can increase their capacity, some of these ways include: > Hiring more staff or implementing additional shifts, or outsourcing. > Having your current staff working overtime. > Sometimes it is more feasible to outsource some of the work load to other companies. > Increasing current plant and machinery. > Increasing your inventory or taking back orders from client’s Always keep in mind you need to weigh all the pro’s and con’s of each as there is always repercussions to each decision, one must make sure that they look at the long term impact before committing to their decisions. Gantt chart example A project plan contains all activities and milestones, these tasks are placed in a particular time sequence. Some of the tools needed to assist with any project are gantt & Pert Charts. A Gantt chart displays tasks, Costs along a horizontal time scale similar to a calendar. A Gantt should show the best possible way to complete a project in the shortest possible time. These activities can be done either in parallel or sequentially, the Gantt shows this clearly, however it doesn’t show the critical path. But a PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) uses a graph to show the relationships between tasks + time frames. They are better to help identify relationships rather than progress of tasks over time. Some Key elements of a PERT diagram: Ø Activities ( activities within a project & their dependencies) Ø Events ( Beginning or the end of a task) Ø Independency of tasks Ø Critical path ( sequence of dependent events who have the sum of longest duration) Ø Slack time ( events not on the critical path that does not affect the timing of other tasks, these tasks can fall behind schedule that has no impact on the completion date of said project) If you would like to create your own Gantt or PERT you can try them at the following links. project kickstart or minuteman-systems Just about everyone has done some sort of project management with in their life time, whether it is simply scheduling the upcoming family events, right down to organizing and planning your day, week, month at work. Project management is not a new concept; even the ancient Egyptians used a form of project management to construct the pyramids.
However modern project management tools were not available until the 1900’s, with the first one being the Gantt chart. Then in the 1950’s the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). These tools are the basis for documentation and managing progress of a project. All three tools produce a graphical representation of a given project. Project management requires organization of people, equipment + procedures in order to get the project completed within a set time frame and budget. A project manager is responsible for the coordination of all the resources to achieve the set objective of a project. Things that need to be considered when planning a project: Ø The purpose and aim of the project Ø The resources available, both material and human Ø The cost, time + human constraints Ø Tasks, procedures or activities required to complete the project Project managers ensure that organisational objectives are met on a timely, accurate, relevant and complete manner. They provide a way of controlling people, procedures and resources of a project. Click to set custom HTML We have all been watching Japan for the last few days, and no matter who you are you have had some sort of feeling weather it is bad or good who is to blame? I myself I feel for the people, I can’t imagine what they must be going through emotionally, they have had a huge earthquake followed by a tsunami roughly one hour later and NOW they have to deal with a possible nuclear meltdown at their Fukushima power plant.
There is not much one can do when mother nature decides to throw at us BUT the fukushima issue possibly could have been avoided, avoided? Yes two years ago Japan was told their power plants would not with stand a powerful earthquake. Now of course the government vowed to upgrade their safety to all their nuclear power plants. So now because the government nor the TEPCO did not follow through, the people of Japan are facing a nuclear meltdown, I just don’t think it is right to put the cost of upgrading or fixing a nuclear power plant over the expenditure of the people. We see this all the time, a company puts safety of its workers ahead of everything else until that safety cost’s money. However one would think that because it was a nuclear plant with life threatening consequences that the Japanese Government would have been on upgrading their sites ASAP. OECD/NEA did state that the NEA will certainly help in this matter and propose a set of actions in its areas of competence. Here is where I get confused, OECD/NEA’s own site “NEA is to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes” so you would think that if the fukushima plant was needing to be updated that NES would have been on top of said upgrades. Now let’s not forget The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) who on their own website state that the IAEA’s mission is: “Safety and Security; Science and Technology; and Safeguards and Verification.” In my mind I don’t think they held up to their mission statement, Japan was notified 2 years ago that the safety of their plants could be compromised by a strong earthquake and their current safeguards could fail, I ask why was nothing really done in regards to the concerns of 2 years ago? I believe that because nothing was done that the current nuclear situation of Japan is solely on NEA & IAEA. These two agencies are supposed to be the BIG BOYS of the nuclear sector but where are they? You don’t hear about any efforts to assist, although the OECD/NEA did they will offer help in this matter within its areas of competence. Unfortunately it may be too late for either agency to step up to the plate and have a positive/any influence on the outcome. Every company wants to be successful in the world of business; this is done simply by obtaining a reasonable market share through competitive strategies. The success of a company is dependent on the company adopting efficient, effective operations. The role of an operations manager is crucial to the success of any company.
Every company attempts to improve its productivity and there are three types of productivity 1 – Technological productivity, 2- Managerial productivity and 3- employee productivity. Technological productivity refers to more efficient equipment such as robots, computers and other technologies. Managerial Productivity refers to the simple fact that managers must do a better job of running the company. A good manager will have learned to use a reward system for his/her employees, increase employee involvement and to utilise team work to improve productivity. Employee productivity can be produced simply by implementing better training, changing some of the work practices or in some cases a simple alteration of remuneration types and levels will increase a company’s output within the same time frame. Any operations management strategy adopted by a company must be one to support the successful implementation of the company’s overall plan. The development of an effective & efficient system for any company is based on management drawing up suitable solutions for: 1. Strategic Planning Decisions: Ø Capacity (How many items can be made?) Ø Location (Where to produce the items?) Ø Process (Which method should be used to produce the item?) 2. Tactical Planning Desisions: Ø Aggregate Planning ( Annual production plan) Ø Master schedule (Quantity of items to be made & specific time frame) Ø Material requirement planning ( What is needed to meet the master schedule) |
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